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PERSONAL
Anita Hardon (1961) graduated cum laude in Medical Biology at the University of Amsterdam (1984), specializing in tropical hygiene, science dynamics and medical anthropology. She went on to conduct PhD research at the Department of Cultural Anthropology/Non-Western Sociology of the University of Amsterdam and defended her PhD thesis "Confronting Ill-Health: Medicines, Self-care and the Poor in Manila" in 1990. Following her dissertation, she worked on the book Drug Policy in Developing Countries with other authors and formulated the Community Drug Use Project (1992-1994), which resulted in a series of studies in Pakistan, the Philippines, Mali and Uganda. These studies elucidate how people define, experience and treat their health problems, and their responses to public health programmes to promote the appropriate use of medicine. They also show how the commercial interests of doctors, drug sellers and pharmaceutical manufacturers play an important role. Anita Hardon has recently become more involved in research in the field of gender and reproductive health. This research uses a symmetrical approach involving the study of people's subjective experiences of reproductive health, and the analysis of the cultural construction of reproductive health care interventions. She has done several policy studies and evaluations in the field of health and development, including one analyzing the challenges involved in increasing access to HIV/AIDS medicines in resource poor settings for the World Health Organization. Anita Hardon has published in Social, Science and Medicine, Health Policy and Planning, Central Issues in Anthropology and other journals in the field of health and development. She is currently professor of Health and Social Care at the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences (Sociology / Anthropology Department) and dean of the Amsterdam School for Social science Research ( www.assr.nl ), both of the University of Amsterdam.
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RESEARCH
For her PhD research Hardon did extensive anthropological fieldwork on self care in urban poor communities in Manila. Since, she has been involved in comparative studies of health care arrangements, focusing on the global diffusion of contraceptive technologies and modern pharmaceuticals in primary health and family planning programs, on programs to limit the transmission of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases and on global efforts to immunize the world’s children. The studies involve anthropological fieldwork in different socio-cultural settings, at global, national and local levels of health care usually by a team of researchers. Hardon contributes to the development of research frameworks/methodologies, fieldwork/guidance of researchers, and comparative analysis ofresults. Based on her expertise she has also contributed to evaluations of global health programs for external agencies. The following gives an overview of her main research contributions: - Program director Aids Medicines in Resource Poor Settings Research Programme, conducted by the Amsterdam School for Social Science Research, support from AIDS fonds, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Studies conducted from 2005 onwards in Vietnam, Indonesia, Uganda, South Africa, Mali and Burkina Faso. - Advisor, collaborative study on ARV adherence, funded by WHO-EDM, conducted in Uganda, Tanzania and Botswana, 2004-2005. - Program director. Diversity among patients in medical practice. Challenges and implications for clinical research. In collaboration with the Amsterdam Medical Center, commissioned by ZonMw, 2004-2005. - Principal investigator Comparative assessment of public-private interactions to increase access to HIV-AIDS medicines. Country studies in Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Moldova, Vietnam and Thailand. Funded by DANIDA. Implemented by Health Action International, 2004-2006. - Senior researcher/advisor Evaluation ten-years international health/nutrition/population development aid, research grant from the Policy and Operations EvaluationDepartment,Netherlands Ministry of ForeignAffairs (2000/1). - Principal investigator Review of EC-support to HIV/AIDS/STD projects in Asia under B76211 for South and South-east Asia, 1998-1999, Research Grant European Commission, IHS-TAN (1998-1999). - Senior Researcher Quality of Care in Reproductive Health, Concerted Action (coordinated by the International Center for Reproductive Health, University of Ghent), specifically a critical appraisal of the integration of STI/HIV prevention and control in PHC, research grant from the European Commission, DG XII program for scientific collaboration, 1998-2001. - Principal Researcher Donor assistance in increasing access to HIV-related drugs, research grant from the World Health Organization, Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy Department and UNAIDS (1999-2000) - Researcher joint program Gender and women’s sexual and reproductive practices and health care in Metropolitan Cape Town, implemented by the Department of Anthropology and Sociology of the University of the Western Cape and the Medical Anthropology Unit, research grant from the South Africa-Netherlands Research Program on Alternatives in Development (1998-2000). - Researcher: Biographies of the contraceptive pill in the Netherlands and the Philippines. Sub-project of themulti-country study "Gender, Reproductive Health, and Population Policies" with support from ASSR (1996-1999). - Scientific projectleader " Global Programming and Technology Development", part of the Social Science and Immunization project (1995-1998), research grant from DGIS and DANIDA, in cooparation with Institute for Health Policy Studies, Universtity of California; Center for Development Economics, Dehli School of Economics; de La Salle University, Philippines, 1994 - 1999. - Scientific project leader Community Drug Use Intervention Study in Uganda, carried out by Makerere Institute for Social Research with Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, research grant from DANIDA, 1996 - 2000. - Principal investigator Acceptation of vaccination among migrants in the Netherlands. Research grant: the Dutch Ministry VWS (1996-1998). - Senior researcher. Quality of Care and adherence to reproductive rights in family planning programs with the Women's Health Action Foundation, Amsterdam (1993-1996), research grant by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands. - International scientific project leader : multi-country study Gender, Reproductive Health, and Population Policies, research grant from the Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 1992 to present. Conducted in the Netherlands, the Philippines, India, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Ethiopia, Mexico, Bolivia andBrazil (1993- 2001). - International research-coordinator : Collaborative Project on Community Drug Use, in cooperation with Community Medicine Development Foundation (COMMED), the Philippines; Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan; Makerere Institute for Social Research (Uganda), Department of Anthropology, the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Tropical Institute, research grant from the European Commission, DG XII for Scientific cooperation, Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, UNICEF, WHO, and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1991 to 1997. - Project-coordinator: Sustainability of Primary Health Care in Africa: Community Financing and Community Participation, for Health Action International, in cooperation with UNICEF and OXFAM: feasibility study and preparation of a Study Conference in Sierre Leone. Research grants from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Department of Development Cooperation), the British Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), UNICEF, OXFAM and Save the Children Fund, 1989-1990. - Consultant to the Royal Tropical Institute for the Evaluation of WHO's Action Programme on Essential Drugs . January - December l990, specific responsibility for the assessment of DAP's communication strategy, and operational research. - PhD researcher: Medicines, self-care and the poor in Manila, for the Department of Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, with the Community BasedHealth Programs in the Philippines (l985 - l989). - Researcher : Cognitive change in clinical research on Chronic Non- Specific Lung Diseases. Under Supervision of Drs. A. Hiddinga. Department of Science Dynamics, University of Amterdam (1984 -l985). - Researcher : Nutrition and infectious diseases of pre-school children in rural communities in the Philippines. Under supervision of Dr. J. Kusin, Deparment of Nutrition, Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam and Human Ecology Institute, University of the Philippines at Los Banos (l982 - l983).
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PUBLICATIONS
Hardon’s publications include scientific publications, scientific papers presented at conferences and seminars; research reports, and popular articles. Scientific publications Forthc. Preventing mother to child transmission of HIV in Vietnam and Indonesia: diverging care dynamics, forthcoming Social Science and Medicine special issue on Gender and HIV/AIDS. Forthc. (with T.A. Nguyen, P. Oosterhoff, P.N. Yen, P. Wright) Self-help groups can improve utilization of post-natal care by HIV-positive mothers. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. In press. 2008 (with A. Desclaux, M. Egrot, E. Simon, E. Micollier, M. Kyakuwa) Alternative medicines for AIDS in resource-poor settings: Insights from exploratory anthropological studies in Asia and Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4:16. 2008 (with T.A. Nguyen,P. Oosterhoff, Hien N.T., A.C. Roel, P. Wright) A hidden HIV epidemic among women in Vietnam. BMC Public Health 8:37. 2008 (with P. Oosterhoff, T.A. Nguyen, P.N. Yen, P. Wright) Dealing with a positive result: risks and responses in routine HIV testing among pregnant women in Vietnam. AIDS Care 20 (6), 654-659. 2008 (with T.A. Nguyen, P. Oosterhoff, P.N. Yen, P. Wright) Barriers to access prevention of mother-to-child transmission for HIV positive women in a well-resourced setting in Vietnam. AIDS Research and Therapy 5:7. 2008 (with P. Oosterhoff, T.A. Nguyen, P.N. Yen, P. Wright) Holding the line: Vietnamese family responses to pregnancy and child desire when a family member has HIV. Culture, Health and Sexuality 10 (4), 403-416. 2008 (with P. Oosterhoff, T.A. Nguyen, P.N. Yen, P. Wright) Can micro-credit empower HIV+ women: an exploratory study. Women's Health and Urban Life 7 (1), 40-55. 2008 (with P. Oosterhoff, T.A. Nguyen, P.N.Yen, P. Wright) HIV-positive mothers in Vietnam: using their status to build support groups and access essential services. Reproductive Health Matters 16 (32), 162-170. 2006 (with S. van der Geest) Social and cultural efficacies of medicines: Complications for antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2:48 (7 November). 2006 (with S. Davey, T. Gerrits et al.) From Access to Adherence: the Challenges of Antiretroviral Treatment. UvA/WHO/KIT. 2006 Contraceptive Innovation: Reinventing the Script. Social Science and Medicine. 62 (3), 614/627. 2006 Confronting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa: policy versus practice. International Social Science Journal 57(186), 601-605. 2005 (with D. Gibson eds) Rethinking Masculinities, Violence and AIDS. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. 2005 (with Eline Haastrecht) Socio-cultural and political factors which facilitate and constrain representation and analysis of diversity in clinical research. In Diversity among patients in medical practice: challenges and implications for clinical research . ASSR/AMC/ZonMw, Amsterdam, pp 6-12. 2005 (with Nicolien Wieringa, Karin Stronks and Amade M´Charek, eds) Diversity among patients in medical practice: main findings and recommendations for clinical research. In Diversity among patients in medicalpractice: challenges and implications for clinical research . ASSR/AMC/ZonMw, Amsterdam, pp 81-113. 2005 (with S. Blume) Shifts in global immunization goals (1984-2004): unfinished agendas and mixed results. Social Science and Medicine 60, 345-356. 2004 (with C. Obermeyer et al.) Gender and Medication Use. Women and Health 39(4). 2004 Negotiating safety and acceptability of new contraceptive technologies. Medische Antropologie , Juni 2004. . 2004 (with Charles Medawar). Medicines out of Control? Antidepressants and the Conspiracy of Goodwill . Aksant/Transaction publishers. 2004 (with C. Hodgkin and D. Fresle)How to investigate the use of medicines by consumers . WHO, Geneva. 2004 Immunization . In Health, Illness and the World´s Cultures. C.R. Ember and M. Ember (eds). 2004 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, Dordrecht. 2003 Reproductive Health Care in the Netherlands: would integration improve it. Reproductive Health Matters 11(21): 1-15 2003 Aim for equity, and confront undue commercial influences. The Lancet 361/9351, 6 2002 (with Sjaak van der Geest and Susan Reynolds Whyte). SocialLives of Medicines. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 2002 Dominante anticonceptiepraktijken verklaard. Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 2002 (4), 49-61. 2002. Contraceptive Pill and Autonomy. In E. Lammers (Ed) Making Waves: Inspiring critical and feminist anthropology. LOVA 200223/1, pp 65-72. 2002 Preface, in van der Geest,S and R. Reis (eds). Ethnocentrism, reflections on medical anthropology , Aksant, Amsterdam, 2002, pp i-ii. 2002 Towards an anthropology of contraception: on the pill, control and embodiment . Medical Anthropology At Home. Fondazioni Celli, Perugia. 2001 (met I. Wolffers) Geen geld, geen zorg, geen geneesmiddelen. Behandeling van AIDS in ontwikkelingslanden. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad 136(5). 183-186. 2001 (with Boomongkon, Tan et al.) Applied Health Research. Anthropology of Health and Health Care. 2nd Revised Version. Spinhuis, Amsterdam. 2000 (with P. Streefland) Side en Afrique: à quand le Grande Peur del’Occident? Critique Internationale 9:15-20. 2000 Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community. WHO/EDM-University of Amsterdam/Medical Anthropology Unit, Geneva/Amsterdam. 1999 (with Trudie Gerrits) “A Bull is not a Bull without a Scar”: Results of a literature review on how men and women in Sub-Saharan Africa perceive, prevent and treat sexuallytransmitted infections. Paper presented at the first scientific meeting of EC Concerted Action on Quality of Care and Reproductive Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, May 1999, Conference proceedings. 1998 (Ed) Beyond rhetoric: participatory research on reproductive health. Spinhuis: Amsterdam. 1998 (with M. Tan) Introduction. In A. Hardon (ed) Beyond Rhetoric: participatory research on reproductive health. Spinhuis:Amsterdam, 1-7. 1998 (with R. van Zorge). De pil, controle en seksualiteit: een exploratief onderzoek naar pilgebruik onder Nederlandse meiden. Medische Antropologie 10(1), 19-32. 1998 Contextualizing reproductive health care. In P. Streefland (Ed), Problems and potential in international health: transdisciplinary perspectives. Spinhuis: Amsterdam, 121-143. 1998 (with P. Streefland) Medicine markets and publichealth. In A.Gevers (eds) Uit de Zevende: vijftig jaar politieke en sociaal-culturele wetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Spinhuis, Amsterdam, 372-383. 1998 Ten geleide: reproductieve gezondheid en cultuur. Medische Antropologie 10(1), 1-7. 1997 Reproduktieve gezondheid in cultureel perspectief: thema's voor een symposium. Medische Antropologie 9(1), 168-176. 1997 Women's views and experiences of hormonal contraceptives: what we know and what we need to find out. In Beyond acceptability: users' perspectives on contraception. Reproductive health matters/World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 68-78. 1997 Contesting claims on the safety and acceptability of anti-fertility vaccines. Reproductive Health Matters 10, 68-82. 1997 (with E. Engelkes, S. Kabir and A. Mutua). Reproductive rights in practice: a manual for empowerment , Zed Books, London (143pp). 1997 Reproductive rights in practice. In Hardon, A. and L. Hayes (eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality of care . Zed Books, London, 1-3. 1997 A review of national family planning policies. In Hardon, A. and L. Hayes(eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality of care . Zed Books, London, 3-15. 1997 Setting the stage: health, fertility and unmet need in eight countries. In Hardon, A. and L. Hayes (eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality of care . Zed Books, London, 15-22. 1997 (with E. Schaafsma). Reproductive rights really? Five private reproductive health clinics and selected general practitioner's practices in the Netherlands. In Hardon, A. and L. Hayes (eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality of care .Zed Books, London, 170-191. 1997 Reproductive rights in practice: a comparative assessment of quality of care. In Hardon, A. and L. Hayes (eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality ofcare . Zed Books, London, 193-223. 1997 (with L. Hayes, eds). Reproductive rights in practice: a feminist report on the quality of care. Zed Books, London (235 pp) 1996 (with Z. Rasmussen, M. Rahim, P.H. Streefland). Enhancing Appropriate Medicine Use in the Karakoram Mountains . Spinhuis,Amsterdam (158 pp). 1996 (with R. Odoi, S. Reynolds Whyte) Popular Pills: Community Drug Use in Uganda , Spinhuis, Amsterdam 1996 Bookreview. Cor Hoffer. Islamitische Genezers en hun patienten. Gezondheidszorg, religie en zingeving. Migrantenstudies 12(3), 167-178. 1996 (with Sjaak van der Geest and Susan Reynolds Whyte) The Anthropology of Pharmaceuticals. Annual Review of Anthropology 25, 153-178. 1996 Injection Practices in the Developing World: results and recommendations from fieldstudies in Uganda and Indonesia. Prepared for WHO/DAP, Geneva. 1996 Feminist assessments of reproductive technologies: from development to use. InProceedingsfromthe Zimbabwe Networking Workshop . GRHPP, Amsterdam. 1995 Bookreview. Anja Hiddinga. Changing normality: pregnancy and scientific knowledge claims 1920-1950, with special reference to the US. Medische Antropologie 7(2), 347-350. 1995 Bookreview. Lidy Schoon. De gynaecologie als belichaming van vrouwen: verloskunde en gynaecologie 1840-1920. Medische Antropologie 7(2), 370-373. 1995 Contraceptive research and development: bringing user's perspectives and need into contraceptive research. A women and pharmaceuticals: a healthy balance , 27-32. 1995 Dealing with ambiguity constructively. Women and the contraceptive pill. In, van der Geest, S (ed). Ambivalentie/Ambiguïteit: antropologische notities Spinhuis,Amsterdam (35-40). 1995 Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health: a review of selected recent publications. Advancing woman's status: women and men together . KIT publications, Amsterdam: 120-156. 1994 The development of contraceptive technologies: a feminist critique. Focus Gender . Jun;2(2):40-4. 1994 People's understanding of efficacy for cough and cold medicines in Manila, the Philippines. In N.L. Etkin andM.L. Tan (eds).Medicines: Meanings and Contexts , HAIN, Quezon-city, pp 46-69. 1994 (with Rosalia Sciortino) Fertility regulation in the Netherlands from a North-South perspective: a review of studies and an annotated, selected bibliography , GRHPP, Amsterdam (95pp). 1994 (met Sjaak van der Geest) De kracht van injecties: sociale en culturele aspecten. In: Sjaak van der Geest, Paul ten Have, Gerhard Nijhof, Piet Verbeek-Heida (eds) De macht der dingen: medische technologie in cultureel perspectief , pp 138-158. 1993 Injection practices in Senegal, Indonesia and Uganda: reportof the development of a research methodology. In Bloem, M an dI. Wolfers. The impact of injections on daily medical practice (eds). Primary Health Care Publications . pp 103-119. 1993 Choices in Childbearing: when does Family Planningbecome Population Control, by Robert Whelan. Book Review. Social Science and Medicine 12:1579-1580. 1993 (with A. le Grand) Pharmaceuticals in communities: practices, public health consequences and intervention strategies. Bulletin 330. Royal Tropical Institute/Collaborative Project on Community Drug Use (39 pp). 1993 (with P. Streefland) Evaluating Effects of Rational Drug Use Interventions: A Research Note for the Collaborative Project on Community Drug Use , Medical Anthropology Unit/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. 1993 (with B. Mintzes and J. Hanhart eds). Norplant under her skin . Women's Health Action Foundation/WEMOS. Eburon, Delft (126 pp). 1993 Norplant: conflicting views on its safety and acceptability. In Mintzes, B; A. Hardon and J. Hanhart (eds) Norplant under her skin . Women's Health Action Foundation/WEMOS. Eburon, Delft, p 7-27. 1992 (with P. Brudon-Jakobowicz, and A. Reeler) How to study drug use in communities: guidelines for social science research . WHO/DAP/92.3 WHO, Geneva (43pp). 1992 Norplant: conflicting views on its safety and acceptability. In H. Bequaert Holmes (ed), Issues in reproductive technology: an anthhology . Garland Reference Library of the Social Sciences, vol 729, Garland publishing, New York, p 11-30. 1992 The needs of women versus the interests of family planning personnel, policy makers and researchers: conflicting views on safety and acceptability of contraceptives. Social Science and Medicine 35(6), 753-766. 1992 That drug is hiyang for me: lay perceptions of the efficacy of drugs in Manila, Philippines. Central Issues in Anthropology 10, 86-93. 1992 Consumers versus producers: power play behind the scenes. In Kanji N. et. al. (eds) Drug Policy in Developing Countries , Zed Press, London, p 48-64. 1992 (with Kanji N.) What has been achieved and where are we now? In Kanji N. et. al. Drug Policy in Developing Countries, Zed Press, London, pp 91-109. 1992 (with Kanji, N) New Horizons in the 1990s. In Kanji et. al. (eds) Drug Policy in Developing Countries, Zed Press, London, pp 110-127. 1991 (with I. Wolffers,and J. Janssen) O marketing da fertilidade. Saude em Debate 40. Editora Hucitec. Sao Paulo (translated from: Marketing Fertility: Women, Menstruation and the Pharmaceutical Industry . WEMOS, 1989.) 1991 Confronting Ill Health: medicines, self-care and the poor in Manila. Quezon-city: HAIN (published version of PhD Thesis). 1991 Contraceptive technologies, family planning and reproductive rights. VENA Journal , 3(2), 10-15. 1991 (with S. van der Geest, A. le Grand, and H. Geerlings) The provision and use of drugs in developing countries: a review and annotated bibliography . Spinhuis, Amsterdam. 1990 (with S. Van der Geest and S.R. Whyte) Planning for essential drugs: are we missing the cultural dimension? Health Policy and Planning 5(2): 182-185 1990 (with S. van der Geest) Self-medication in developing countries. Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy 1990 (with P. Bush). The Role of Children in Rational Medicine Use. Social Science and Medicine 31(9):1043-1050. 1990 The ten best readings on the Bamako Initiative. Health Policy and Planning 5(2): 186 - 188. 1990 (with M.A. Barcelon). The Community Based Health Programmes of the rural missionaries of the Philippines. In P. Streefland and J. Chabot (eds), Implemeting Primary Health Care: the experiences since Alma Ata , Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, pp 129 - 141. 1989 (with I. Wolffers and J. Janssen). Marketing Fertility: Women, Menstruation and the Pharmaceutical Industry . Amsterdam: WEMOS. 1989 The Bamako Initiative: Drug Sales Financing PHC. HAI-News 49:1-11. 1989 Hiyang: Lekenopvattingen over geneesmiddelen Ziekte, Gezondheidszorg en Cultuur . Sjaak van der Geest en G. Nijhof (eds). Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 89-100. l988 (with S van der Geest). Hazards of self‑medication. World Health Forum . 8: 469 ‑ 471. l988 (with S. van der Geest) Western pharmaceuticals in Third World countries: methodological suggestions for field research. Health Policy and Planning. 3(2): 152 ‑ 158. l988 (With H. Haak). IndiginizedPharmaceuticalsin DevelopingCountries: widely used, widely neglected. Lancet Sept 10: 620‑621. l988 Towards Rational Drug Use in Urban Primary Health Care. Drug Monitor . October ‑ November issue. 1987 The use of modern pharmaceuticals in a Filipino village: doctors' prescription and self medication. Social Science and Medicine; 25(3):277-92. 1987 Simple methods for community based research on the use of western drugs. In Background reading for consultation on Research and Documentation . Quezon city: HAIN. 1986 (with Mossel D.A.A, van der Zee, H; and L van der Petten). The enumeration of thermotropic types amongst Enterobacteriaceae colonizing perishable foods. J. Apl. Bacteriology 60 (4), 1986. 1985 (with S. van der Geest) Onderzoeknaar dubieuze praktijken in de verstrekking en het gebruik van geneesmiddelen: Enkele methodologische suggesties. Nieuwsbrief Medische Antropologie 3(1/2). l985 Het gebruik van moderne farmaceutische produkten in zelf zorg, in twee Filippijnse dorpen: Een projekt voorstel. Nieuwsbrief Medische Antropologie 3(1/2). l985 De ontwikkeling van nieuwe hormonale middelen. Wetenschap en Samenleving l985/6. Scientific papers: contributions to conferences and seminars 2005. Contesting contraceptive innovation –reinventing the script. Paper presented at the Seminar on Health Advocacy Organisations in Europe: Exploring Diverse Cultures of Action, ASRR May 17 th 2005. 2005 From research to application: on the anthropology of pharmaceuticals, presented at the Seminar on Public health interventions, Marseille, 11 th May 2005. 2005 Anthropologizing adherence to ART: A dynamic and comparative perspective. Presented at Workshop Anthropology of ART in resource poor settings, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Mareseille, Centre de Recherche Cultures, Santé, Sociétés, 21th April 2005. 2004. Medicines, health and every-day life: closing the open loop. Inaugural lecture, January 15 th 2005, University of Amsterdam. 2004. Community levels issues, notes from the socio-behavioural working group. Presented at the international meeting. Implementing operational research for HIV treatment scale-up in resource poor settings.WHO, Kampala, 4-7 December 2004 2004 Key issues in socio-behavioural operational research fortreatment scale-up. Presentation at the Expert Consultation Operational research to support treatment scale/up in resource-limited settings, WHO, Geneva 1-3 July 2004. 2004. Prioritizing the questions and developing the tools: experiences with studies of medication use and HIV. Paper presented at the workshop Social Mapping for 3x5. WHO, April 30 th 2004. 2004. Plenary Lecture Community Based Interventions to Improve Use of Medicines: Frameworks and Impacts. Second International Conference on Improving Use of Medicines. Chiangmai Thailand, April 1 2004. 2004. Risks and rights: global and localresponsesto AIDS epidemic. Paper presented at the International Summer School´Risk, Rationality and City Life´, Johannesburg, February 1-5. 2003 Paper Presentation. Actions and Reactions: The Global Women´s Health Movement contests new contraceptive technologies. Patient Organization Movements Symposium. June 2003, Gotenborg. 2002 Keynote Address. GAVI: past experiences, concerns for the future. Presented at the Seminar: The progressof GAVI, challenges in research and how to strengthen Norwegian contributions. Bergen 5-7 June 2002, Center for International Health, Bergen University. 2002 Seksuele en reproductieve gezondheid: internationale uitgangspunten en opties voor een geintegreerd aanbod in de eerstelijns gezondheidszorg in Nederland. Presentatie Studiedag Zon-MW, seksualiteitsprogramma. Juni 2002. Keynote address. Making waves: inspiring critical and feminist research, June2002, de Krakeling, Amsterdam 2000 (with M. Stegeman) Proposed evaluation framework and methodology for the evaluation of Dutch support to health, nutrition and population project and programs in developing countries. Prepared for the Policy and Operations Evaluation Department, Netherlands Ministry of ForeignAffairs. 2000 (with J.Harries) The contraceptive pill in comparative perspective: contrasting use among dutch girls and married women from Houtbay, South Africa. Presented at UvA/Universityof Durhamjoint-workshop. Representations of Contraception, Ijmuiden, April2000. This Paper will be included in the proceedings of the meeting which will be edited by A. Hardon and A. Russel, and offered to a publisher. 2000 Increasing access to HIV-related medicines: an analysis of the public sector response. Paper presented at the Gender, reproductive health and population policies meeting. Hosted by Centre For Health Policy Studies, Mahidol University; Organized by the Medical Anthropology Unit, University of Amsterdam, 16 thJune 2000, Chaam, Thailand 2000 Changes in Vaccination Policy: the influence of public private partnerships. Presented at the Health Action International Seminar: Public Private Partnerships: Meeting Real Health Needs? November 3 , Heeze. This paper will be published in the proceedings of the Seminar. 1999. Critical Appraisal on the Integration of STI/HIV prevention and control in FP/MCH, methodology paper for the EC-concerted action Quality ofCare in Reproductive Health. 1999. Methodology paper: donor assistance inincreasing access to HIV-related drugs, presented at EDM/WHO, Geneva, September 1999. 1999. Gender-sensitive methodologies for evaluating quality of care in different settings. Paper presented at the IPPF expert group, Improving gender and quality of care in sexual and reproductive health programmes, 3-5 December 1999, IPPF, London. 1999. On contraceptive vaccines, implants and pill: biographies of contraceptives. Paper presented at the Western Cape University Staff Seminar, April 20 th 1999. 1999. Reproductive rights and quality of care in reproductive health programs. Presentation at the staff seminar ofthe Planned Parenthood Association ofSouthAfrica training center in Khayelitsha,Western-Cape, 23 rd April 1999. 1998. Nederlandse meiden en de pil. Contribution to Panel 6. Jubileumcongres Eigenheid en samenwerking 100 jaar antropologie in Nederland. 18 December 1998, Amsterdam. 1998. Speaker Public Debate 'Malaise in de antropologie'. Jubileumcongres Eigenheid en samenwerking 100 jaar antropologie in Nederland. 18 December 1998, Amsterdam. 1998. Family Health and the Pharmacist, Invited Lecture for the Professional Symposium P2, Pharmacy World Congress, Sept 1 1998. 1998. Kwaliteitszorg in anticonceptie, Contribution to the Symposium Anticonceptie in Nederland anno 1998. 24 September, de Reehorst. 1998. Biography of the Pill: a research note. Presented at the European Conference Medical Anthropology at Home, April 16-18. 1997. Contextualizing reproductive health care. Paper presented at the Lecture series Problems and promises in International Health, Royal Tropical Institute, february 1997. Forthcoming Spinhuis, Amsterdam 1997. The role of social science research in the development of microbicides, Women's Health Advocates on Microbicides/Population Council Symposium Practical and ethical dilemmas in the clinical testing of microbicides April 1997. 1997. Reproductive Rights in Practice: the Quality of Care in Family Planning. Abstract published in the Volume of Abstracts. International, Interdisciplinary Conference on Women and Health: Realizing a Gender-Sensitive Health Care.DutchFoundation forWomen's Health Research, Amsterdam 1997. Reproductive Rights in Practice. Paper presented at the Conference on Violation of Reproductive Rights, 14th November 1997 World Population Foundation. 1997. Pilgebruik onder meiden in Midden-Nederland. Paper presented at the Symposium Reproduktieve Gezondheid en cultuur for the Dutch Journal, Medische Antropologie, University of Amsterdam, Anthropological-Sociological Center, December 12. 1997. The cultural context of primaryhealth care, lecture in the series Globalization, culture and development: homogenization or a polyphony of voices, Institute for Development Research Amsterdam (30th October). 1997. Gezondheidszorg van onderop. Lecture in the series. Globalisering en ontwikkeling. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam (17th October). 1996. Reproductive health services, beyond Cario. Paper presented at the London School of Economics, Gender Institute, November 29th. 1996. Quality of Care in FamilyPlanning services. Paper presented at the Lecture series on Gender and Health, Copenhagen University, November8 1996. 1996. Family Planning in the Philippines. Paper presented at the Seminar and Gender and Health: research perspectives. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DANIDA, Denmark. 1996. Quality of care in family planning in eight countries. Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the Gender, Reproductive Health and Population Policies Project, October 1996, ECOSUR, Chiapas, Mexico. 1996. Situating contraception in the Philippines: on mainit ng ulo, and pampalaglag. Paper presented at ASSR, 23rd April 1996. 1996. Reproduktieve gezondheid in de praktijk. Presentatie voor de studiedagvan de Stichting Wereld en Bevolking. September 1996. 1996. Global Programming and technology development: questions for the country research teams. 1996. Global programming and technology development: report of a mission to the Indian Social Science and Research team, November, 1996 1996. Reproductive health: the community perspective. Paper presented at the EC Reproductive Health Research Meeting, Ghent, 23-25th June, 1996. 1995. Bringing users' views into contraceptive research. Lecture for the series Ties that bind: intervention and involvement in science and technology. Department of Science and Technology Dynamics, November 10 1995. 1995. Feminist assessments of reproductive technologies: form development to use. Paper persented at the annual networking meeting of the GRHPP project in Zimbabwe, June 14-18. 1994. Interpretive flexibility and multidirectionality in the developmentof thecontraceptive pill. Paper for the Research Seminar: technologies in daily practice, Belly van Zuylen Institute, fall 1994. 1994. Immunization: development trajectories and global programming. 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WEMOS/HAI: Amsterdam, p 3-5. 1990 Can the sales of drugs be used to finance PHC? Africa Health , March 1990, pp 11-14. 1989 (with Nicolien Wieringa) De risico's van nieuwe hormonale anticonceptie: staafjes in de arm maken vijf jaar onvruchtbaar. Opzij April 1989:26-29. 1989 An Analysis of Research on New Contraceptive HCG Vaccines. WGNRR Newsletter April-June 1989:15-16. l988 Abortuspil vergt meer onderzoek en voorlichting. NRC Handelsblad Nov 7. 1987 Hiyang is beautiful.. Essential Drug Monitor l987/4:5 l987 WHO meeting on contraceptive steroids. Thedrugmonitor2(3)Quezoncity: HAIN l987 (with S. van der Geest) Discovering the consumer. HAI news 37: 1. 1987 Simple methods for community based research on the use of western drugs. In Background reading for consultation on Research and Documentation . Quezon city: HAIN.1986 1987 Fact sheet on the use of antidiarrhoeals in a Filipino village.In The diarrhoea file . Penang: IOCU 1986 Pang Sipon o Sinat? 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